Indricotherium (Paraceratherium) - Facts and Figures

Name: Indricotherium (Greek for Indric beast); pronounced INN-drik-oh-THEE-ree-um; also known as Paraceratherium Habitat: Plains of Asia Historical Epoch: Oligocene (33-23 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 40 feet long and 15-20 tons Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; slender legs; long neck    About Indricotherium (Paraceratherium) Ever since its scattered, oversized remains were discovered in the early 20th century, Indricotherium has occasioned controversy among paleontologists, who have named this giant mammal not once, but three times--Indricotherium, Paraceratherium and Baluchitherium have all been in common usage, with the first two currently battling it out for supremacy. (For the record, Paraceratherium seems to have won the race among paleontologists, but Indricotherium is still preferred by the general public--and may yet wind up being assigned to a separate, but similar, genus.) Whatever you choose to call it, Indricotherium was, hands-down, the largest terrestrial mammal that ever lived, approaching the size of the giant sauropod dinosaurs that preceded it by over a hundred million years. An ancestor of the modern rhinoceros, the 15-to-20-ton Indricotherium had a relatively long neck (though nothing approaching what youd see on a Diplodocus or Brachiosaurus) and surprisingly thin legs with three-toed feet, which years ago used to be portrayed as elephant-like stumps. The fossil evidence is lacking, but this huge herbivore probably possessed a prehensile upper lip--not quite a trunk, but an appendage flexible enough to allow it to grab and tear the tall leaves of trees. To date, fossils of Indricotherium have only been found in the central and eastern parts of Eurasia, but its possible that this gigantic mammal also stomped across the plains of western Europe and (conceivably) other continents as well during the Oligocene epoch. Classified as a hyrocodont mammal, one of its closest relatives was the much smaller (only about 500 pound) Hyracodon, a distant North American anecstor of the modern rhinoceros.

Ban On Tobacco Advertising And The Conflict Of Interest...

Ban on Tobacco Advertisement in India The discussion of advertising tobacco products is a controversial topic, there are relevant points on both sides of the argument, so it is hard to determine a true ethical decision. India’s government announced the bill banning tobacco companies from advertising their products in February 2001, their goal is to prevent adolescents from taking up smoking or any other form of tobacco products. Initiating this bill is the government answer to an ethical challenge, they are protecting the health of the entire country, rather than the financial future of one industry. (Bauer, 2016) Immediately, there was an uproar that sparked this intense debate, arguments between health concerns versus constitutional rights. In this paper I would like to discuss the pros and cons of banning the advertisement of tobacco products and the conflict of interest that it presents. In favor of the ban, there are multiple countries, such as France, Finland, and Norway, that have made the decision to prohibit tobacco companies from promoting their products. This ban extends to advertisements, as well as sponsorship of sporting and cultural events. While these countries have been able to keep most of these ads off their television and radio outlets, there are still a few that have been able to sneak by, through international programming. (IBS Center for Management Research, n.d.) Tobacco is currently the most dangerous consumer product out there, it is highlyShow MoreRelatedIndia s Tobacco Advertising Ban1018 Words   |  5 PagesIndia s Tobacco Advertising Ban The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that worldwide, five million tobacco users die annually and estimates that one million Indians die each year prematurely from tobacco use (2015). As late at 2009, India was â€Å"the world’s second-largest consumer and third-largest producer of tobacco† (Economist, 2009, p. 5). In an attempt to reduce consumption, India introduced its first adverting ban on tobacco in 1990, followed in 2003 by the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco ProductsRead MoreThe Issue Of Tobacco Advertising960 Words   |  4 PagesThe issue of how tobacco companies try to influence teenagers into adulthood to consume tobacco was further highlighted in a legal case in the US that resulted in a ban on certain adverts that were said to attract the young into smoking Camel cigarettes. The supporters made a strong argument on the financial contribution of the tobacco industry to the Indian economy, in that they showed that not only the profits made in tax were low, but the spending made on health as a result of smoking, surpassedRead MoreThe Ban On Advertising Tobacco Products885 Words   |  4 PagesThe ban put on advertising tobacco products in India has caused a lot of debates. Some say it violates the constitution, others say it saves lives. Each side sets a valid argument, but which side is right? These bans do not only exist in India. They have been put into action in many different countries as well. Tobacco use kills 5.4 million people a year, averaging at about half of all smokers. (W.H.O.-Facts) I think that everyone is aware of how bad tobacco use is for your health. What peopleRead MoreBan Banning Should Not Be Banned981 Words   |  4 PagesTo Ban Or Not To Ban? One of the most widely debated topics when it comes to government interference is smoking. Often described as a slow killer, many feel that it is something that should not only be avoided, but also banned. In India specifically, a country that is renowned for its high use of tobacco production and use, the idea of smoking has become a national crisis. With tobacco companies trying to push for freedom of speech† with advertisements, and the government attempting to assume aRead MoreCigarette Advertising: Ethical Aspect4909 Words   |  20 PagesFinal Assignment in Public Relations and Advertising Course Cigarette Advertising: Ethical Aspect December 2008 Thessaloniki, Greece Abstract The aim of the final assignment is to analyze the issue of cigarette advertising from the ethical point of view. The evidence examined basically tells about the unsuccessful restrictions of cigarette advertising. Relevant theories are applied, such as Consequentialism and Elaboration Likelihood model to make a more explicit research of the topicRead MoreCigarette Advertising: Ethical Aspect4920 Words   |  20 PagesFinal Assignment in Public Relations and Advertising Course Cigarette Advertising: Ethical Aspect December 2008 Thessaloniki, Greece Abstract The aim of the final assignment is to analyze the issue of cigarette advertising from the ethical point of view. The evidence examined basically tells about the unsuccessful restrictions of cigarette advertising. Relevant theories are applied, such as Consequentialism and Elaboration Likelihood model to make a more explicit research of theRead MoreCigarette Smoking and the Healthcare System in France Essay3089 Words   |  13 PagesProgram Manager for Tobacco Control in WHO Regional Office for Europe stated that tobacco use is not a choice: â€Å"It is a powerful addiction. The true choice is between tobacco and health†. Facts about tobacco use: †¢ Tobacco kills up to half of its users †¢ Tobacco kills nearly 6 million people each year †¢ The annual death toll could rise to more than eight million by 2030 (World Health Organization, 2013). Countries are at different stages in controlling and addressing tobacco use. This is relatedRead MorePhilip Morris Csr5412 Words   |  22 Pages1. Introduction Corporate social responsibility (CSR, also called corporate responsibility, corporate citizenship, and responsible business) is an idea of considering the interests of society by corporations. Companies take responsibility for the impact of their actions on customers, suppliers, employees, shareholders, communities and other stakeholders, as well as the environment. This obligation is seen to extend beyond the statutory obligation to comply with legislation and sees organizationsRead Moreunethical advertising14492 Words   |  58 PagesGenerally speaking, advertising is the promotion of goods, services and ideas, usually by an identified sponsor. Marketers see advertising as part of an overall promotional strategy. Other components of the promotional mix include publicity, public relations, personal selling and sales promotion. Advertisement Advertising is a form of communication whose purpose is to inform potential customers about products and services and how to obtain and use t hem. Many advertisements are also designed toRead MoreThe Effects of Advertising on Children33281 Words   |  134 PagesTelevision Advertising to Children A review of contemporary research on the influence of television advertising directed to children Prepared for ACMA by Dr Jeffrey E. Brand May 2007  © Commonwealth of Australia 2007 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Commonwealth. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the Manager

Marital Conflicts and the Resolutions Free Essays

Our marriage is in one of the most critical moments of our lives; in fact it is between a rock and a hard place. It has now been six years since we got married in one of the most colorful church weddings I have ever witnessed. It is not that we have not gone through some minor conflicts previously, but at least we were able to resolve them immediately by counselors, friends, our pastors and ourselves. We will write a custom essay sample on Marital Conflicts and the Resolutions or any similar topic only for you Order Now The previous disagreements had to do with our monthly spending, pressure from our parents, time to arrive home and our choice of friends among other issues. At present, things have escalated from being bad to worse, with no signs of a possible solution at the horizon. Before we got married, I had vividly known that my fiancà ©e at that time was a committed Seventh Day Adventist though I am a member of the Assemblies of God Church, an evangelical group of the Protestant church. Our parents, friends and the best couple had asked us if we foresaw any future collision since our churches’ doctrines were different; our answer then was a big no. We believed that our love for each other would conquer any disputes that would arise in our marriage. My wife’s father is a very staunch Adventist; in fact, one of the senior elders at the local church and had never had the thought that any of his five children would ever desert the church which he helped found; an action that made him become respected in the entire locality. My wife loves his father so much and thus has no intent of betraying him. Being an evangelical, a born again Christian and the head of my family, I am not comfortable with the idea of having a divided family with my wife attending church on Saturday making her not attend to her domestic and marital duties from six in the morning to six in the evening (according to their beliefs). On the other hand, I attend church services on Sundays and other fellowships on the weekdays. The conflict is arising from the fact that we do not agree in very many issues that pertain to the different doctrines that the two groups advocate for. My wife does not eat pork or any related products; she does not take either tea or coffee for to her both are drugs, classifying them in the same group with tobacco or marijuana. My wife and I are both civil servants, my wife working with the department of Education and I as an army officer though at the moment I am on the study leave enrolled in the University in an undergraduate program. We have two daughters, Shari and Shako aged five and three respectively. It is our obligation as parents to bring them up in a way that is honorable so that they can become great members of the society. What makes me uncomfortable about our religious differences is because our little children look confused (especially the elder one). Sometimes they go to church on Saturdays and on Sundays; to their mother’s and father’s churches respectively. The older daughter has severally asked me why I do not go to their mother’s church and she has, I suppose, asked her mum a similar question. She has made me understand that her friends usually go to church with their both parents and looking at her anxious face, it is obvious that she will be very happy if we would start doing the same. My greatest desire is for us to attend the same church for the sake of our unity and our children. Since I have never thought of myself becoming an Adventist and have always regarded myself incompatible with their doctrines (that I find very conservative) and because our church is a bit liberal, I have severally suggested that we choose a neutral church where we would all be attending together with our children but she has categorically stated that this would only happen â€Å"over her dead body†. This definitely explains why I am a stressed man. How to cite Marital Conflicts and the Resolutions, Papers

Health Inquiry for Journal of Drug Policy - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theHealth Inquiry for Journal of Drug Policy. Answer: Hildt, E., Lieb, K., Franke, A. G. (2014). Life context of pharmacological academic performance enhancement among university students - a qualitative approach. BMC Medical Ethics, 15(1), 23-23. doi:10.1186/1472-6939-15-23 Authorship Klaus Lieb is the head of the department of Psychiatry and psychotherapy of the Mainz University Medical Center. He is one of the members of the DrugCommission of the German Medical Association. He is also the member of founding member of the medical network 'MEZIS Mein Essen zahl' ich selbst. AndreasGnterFranke is a trainee of the department. Therefore, his work can be considered to be trustworthy. ElisabethHildt was also head of the Research Group on Neuroethics/Neurophilosophy at the Department of Philosophy at the University of Mainz and has a large number of important journal articles on biomedical ethics. Hence the experts are really respectable for their contribution and hence their papers can be trusted. The work was mainly conducted to develop an idea about the trend of use of the drug stimulants on individuals in their academic years and hence there was a little scope of conflict as the work was mostly exploratory. Had they developed a thesis statement before hand, there would have been a scope of conflict. They have mainly ventured the view of young individuals regarding their stimulant use and no conflicts were found among the findings and the conflict of use. Research aims: The authors mainly wanted to gather information about the reasons of the young individuals use of stimulants, their experiences after the use of stimulants and how the stimulants impact on the academic results along with their in and outside university lives. They have established how arguments have been raised where lack of enhancing effects were stated by the researchers whereas other articles have given positive hints about the use of the drugs in developing regular activities like partying, getting higher and others among which academic had been a part. No work had been conducted where academics have been solely taken as matter of concern for studying the effects of the drugs. Most of them until now have mainly provide importance to the misuse of prescribed drugs in on mental enhancement (Prosek et al., 2017). Therefore, it was very important for researchers to determine the non-cognitive effect of psycho stimulant. Therefore, knowing the perceptions of students were much important. So they perfectly prepared the grounds of the study with identifying the knowledge gap. Design: Face to face interviews were conducted in an extensive semi-structured procedure. They made sure that the participants are free from any psychiatric diseases and are not under any prescribed psychoactive medication. Since they were in aim of developing a broad idea and needed answers of questions about perception of interviewees, therefore, this qualitative procedure is apt (Benson et al., 2015). Mainly, students pursuing academic courses in the Mainz University were taken in considerations where 30 participants had applied via email and phone over an advertisement on bulletin boards. Out of them, 22 interviews were carried out and 8 were eliminated due to exclusion criteria. Out of this 4 interviews were not collected as the participants were diagnosed with ADHD. Students take such medicines not only for developing their academic grades but also for a large number of other factors like for managing time, for maintaining work life balance, to release stress, to increase motivation and to cope with memorizing. Many have stated that the drugs help in remembering information and they feel that their brain becomes more receptive. However, on the other hand, many systems that the same information can be retained by the brain if studied earlier much before the exam rather than trying to learn in last moments. A large number of side effects are also noticed (King et al., 2014). This drug does not make complex information simple to be better adapted by brain but rather help in remembering the information when studied in last minute. Hence drug use for academic enhancement is a much as this medication mainly help in motivation, time management, manage outside activities other than academic along with helping students to learn important information in l ast minute by energizing them. Munro, B. A., Weyandt, L. L., Marraccini, M. E., Oster, D. R. (2017). The relationship between nonmedical use of prescription stimulants, executive functioning and academic outcomes. Addictive Behaviors, 65, 250-257. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.08.023 Authorship: The main authors of the article is Bailey A. Munro, Lisa L. Weyandt, Marisa E. Marraccini b , Danielle R. Oster c. The first author is a post doctoral researcher at a Advanced Psychological Services of Rode island. She is working chiefly with the children, adolescents and adults suffering from ADHD. Moreover, she is an educator of the physiological psychology, organic chemistry, and introductory chemistry. Like her, the other members belong to b Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Bradley Hasbro Research Center, Providence, Rhode Island, United States and Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, United States and have large number of famous research work in their names. Their paper has been published by Elsevier and hence their work is trustworthy and respectable. The hypothesis made by the authors conflicted with the findings of the paper. They had hypothesized two important facts. While the first fact aligned with the findings of the paper, the later fact did not align and there was a sharp contrast found between the authors hypothesis and that of the findings of the paper. Research aims: The main research hypothesis that were laid down by the researchers are firstly, that students who have poorer executive functioning skills are more likely to get addicted to the non medical use of prescription stimulants (NMUPS) in comparisons to those students who have average level of EF. The second hypothesis is that (NMUPS) moderate the relationship between EF and academic performance. According to the authors, there are many studies which have found out those students who have low executive functioning skills like poor planning, lack of self motivation, perform poor tests and many others usually use NMUPS at a very high rate they are mainly doing this to overcome the their deficits and to score well in academics. They get engaged in many risky behaviors. Papers have also found that students with ADHD have been benefitted from the use of NMUPS. However, direct relationship between both the EF and the use of NMUPS among college students has not been conducted. Design A quantitative method was taken. After seeking permission, students had to apply through a face book portal where they were redirected to three important steps. The first one is the demographic questionnaire. The second was the Stimulant Survey Questionnaire (SSQ) which measured the non medical use of the stimulants. The next was the Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale (BDEFS for Adult which measured their dimensions of executive functioning. T-test was then conducted with one continuous dependent variable of the Survey Questionnaire (SSQ) and that with the dichotomous independent variable like the presence or absence of the EF. For the second hypothesis, a two way between subjects anova was performed between two dichotomous independent variables (nonmedical use of prescription stimulant status and EF level) and that with the one continuous dependent variable (GPA). A post hoc analysis was also conducted to find link between the NMUPS (SSQ Self-Reported Prescription Stimu lant Misuse) and the total and subscale scores of the BDEFs by the use of Pearson product-moment. This approach was found to be important as the author wanted to establish hypothesis based on the relationship with two important factors where he wanted to know that the increase of one factor associated the increase of another factor. Since t tests are extremely helpful in depicting the associations between two factors, the test had been rightly chosen. As ANOVAs is helpful in determining whether there are any statistical significant differences are present between the means, therefore, it is extremely important for helping the authors for examining their second hypothesis where they wanted to find connections between NMUPS moderating EF or not. Participants: There were 306 students selected for the research and other 6 were eliminated as they were not coming under the colleges selected for the study. They had a mean age of participants who were 20.77 and were mostly female. Participants form different races and backgrounds were included. The first finding was that students who had lower levels of Ef were more dependent on the use of NMUPS in comparison to those who did not report of lower Ef. This study shows that this procedure helps them with time management. This did not help those who are not low of EF. The second founding was that lowered Ef students scored lower GPA in exams and lower academic achievement. However, an interesting fact which it revealed is that the lowered levels of GPA due to lowered Ef are not moderated by NMUPS. Taking stimulants without prescription form the doctors is an illegal activity and hence may bring out negative impacts if caught hold of one (Benett Holloway, 2017). Still going on with the use of such drugs may pose risk on the student if caught without a prescription (Barth et al., 2017). Although the drug has been seen to enhance time management skills, cope up with stress, keeps motivated, induces energy to work for long, maintains work life balance and others, it has also many roles behind academic performance enhancement. However, a large number of side effects have bend depicted by both the authors like mood swings, depression, anxiety issues, abuses by the students, sleep deprivation and others which may make the students lead into a new phase of issues creating poor quality life (Van Dongen, 2015). Therefore, these may create barriers. Besides using they irresponsibly would lead to harmful side effects. The research studies aligned completely with the pico questions at both of them described the effect of the stimulant drugs on academic skill enhancement. One of the papers saw students providing mixed reviews about the effects of the drugs on their academics. The paper stated that the drugs did not provide any extra advantage in simplifying nay complex information in the brain in case of information inculcation by the brain. However, some provided information that the drugs help them to concentrate and cope up with their motivation in the last hour of the preparation. They also suggested that not only academics, they also helped in maintaining work life balance, helped them in developing music and many others. Moreover, it is also stated by many students that if they studied beforehand, they would never require such drugs. Therefore, it satisfied the pico question giving the readers an idea about whether drugs have any positive influence in academic enhancement. The second paper was also very much helpful in developing ideas about the use of drugs. The drugs are used in higher number with students who have poor executive functioning than those who have average executive functioning. This paper had completely stated that the use of such drugs do no moderate low GPA and executive functioning. This clearly answers Wasims query with the pico question and therefore, he should avoid using such medication as they have many side effects which might harm his academic life as well. References: Barth, K. S., Ball, S., Adams, R. S., Nikitin, R., Wooten, N. R., Qureshi, Z. P., Larson, M. J. (2017). Development and Feasibility of an Academic Detailing Intervention to Improve Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Use Among Physicians.Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions,37(2), 98-105. doi: 10.1097/CEH.0000000000000149 Bennett, T., Holloway, K. (2017). Motives for illicit prescription drug use among university students: A systematic review and meta-analysis.International Journal of Drug Policy,44, 12-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.02.012 Benson, K., Flory, K., Humphreys, K. L., Lee, S. S. (2015). Misuse of stimulant medication among college students: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis.Clinical child and family psychology review,18(1), 50-76. Retrieved from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10567-014-0177-z Hildt, E., Lieb, K., Franke, A. G. (2014). Life context of pharmacological academic performance enhancement among university students - a qualitative approach. BMC Medical Ethics, 15(1), 23-23. doi:10.1186/1472-6939-15-23 King, M. D., Jennings, J., Fletcher, J. M. (2014). Medical adaptation to academic pressure: schooling, stimulant use, and socioeconomic status.American Sociological Review,79(6), 1039-1066. doi/abs/10.1177/0003122414553657 Munro, B. A., Weyandt, L. L., Marraccini, M. E., Oster, D. R. (2017). The relationship between nonmedical use of prescription stimulants, executive functioning and academic outcomes. Addictive Behaviors, 65, 250-257. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.08.023 Prosek, E. A., Giordano, A. L., Turner, K. D., Bevly, C. M., Reader, E. A., LeBlanc, Y., ... Garber, S. A. (2017). Prevalence and Correlates of Stimulant Medication Misuse Among the Collegiate Population.Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 1-13. Doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/87568225.2017.1313691 Van Dongen, H. P. (2015). Sleep deprivation, stimulant medications, and cognition. Sleep Research Society: vol: 38, pp: 1145-1146 https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.4832